Journal of American Indian Education
Abstracts — 1976

#231
SCHOOL BREAKFASTS AND INDIAN CHILDREN'S HEALTH
Moses Lukaczer Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 7-12, Jan. 1976

An article surveying nonprofit school breakfast programs in 12 public and non-profit private schools in New Mexico from 1970, when the district superintendent expressed a negative attitude in giving away a "free lunch" to those who do not stand on their "own two feet," to 1974, when the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs reported the American Indian population as "one of the most impoverished and malnourished ethnic groups in the United States." The author suggests federal school accreditation should require schools to participate in the School Breakfast program to continue receiving their 78% Board of Education funding.

#232
A PROGRAM FOR TEACHERS OF NATIVE AMERICAN YOUTH
Susan Hayes; Kenneth A. Ames Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 13-17, Jan. 1976

A Title IV workshop was conducted at Spokane, Washington for social studies teachers. The purpose of the workshop was to provide a structured learning experience in which teachers and Native American community members could work together to develop curriculum units and materials about American Indians. Article includes six excerpts from the daily workshop schedule.

#233
INDIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION
[No Author] Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 18-22, Jan. 1976

A panel of Indian college students and their counselors presented their views of problems related to experiences at Arizona State University. The panel was presented at the Proceeding of the 1976 Indian Education Conference at Arizona State University, Tempe. Nine positions (seven students, one counselor and one coordinator) that were taken are presented.

#234
FIRST AWARD POEMS
Zonnie Gorman Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1-2, May 1976

Two award winning poems and three black and white photographs of award winning artworks of the Scottsdale National Indian Arts Exhibition, March 17-21, 1976.

#235
JIM THORPE: LEGEND AND LEGACY
Michael D. Koehler Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 3-6, May 1976

An article which relates Jim Thorpe as the uniquely gifted athlete who became the first and only athlete to win both the pentathlon and the decathlon during the Stockholm 1912 Olympics. Thorpe later continued his athletic career in both pro baseball and pro football, still maintaining his reputation as the "Greatest Athlete in the World." The author portrays Jim Thorpe as a legendary figure who continues to inspire Native Americans today.

#236
CAN COMMUNITY CONTROL OF INDIAN EDUCATION WORK?
Jack Gregory; Robert Cooper Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 7-11, May 1976

The article conveys the optimism of Indian communities contracting for the operation of their schools in 1975. The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act became law on January 2, 1975, which enabled the Ford administration to work more closely and effectively with the tribes by "assisting them in meeting goals they themselves have set." The article cites several U.S. Presidents and Congressional activities.

#237
200 YEARS-WHAT NOW? WHERE NOW?
Annual ASU Conference Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 12-13, May 1976

An overview of the 17th Annual Indian Education Conference of 2 April 1976. Mentioned are eight of the 14 workshops and 23 of the 600 participants. Eleven black and white photos are included.

#238
BICOGNITIVE EDUCATION: A NEW FUTURE FOR THE INDIAN CHILD?
Thomas Davis; Alfred Pyatskowit Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 14-21, May 1976

An article relating that White values conflict with Indian values and the White system of education conflicts with the Indian system, which results in "poor performance" by Indian children in the Menominee Community School. The authors cite the main goal of Bicognitive education as helping the Indian child to learn how to think and react effectively within both of his/her worlds. The article lists eight concepts of 'self' that Indians hold which are distinctive from those held by Whites. The authors believe more exploration should be done concerning the future of Bicognitive education for Indian students.

#239
A STUDY IN EDUCATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY: THE MESCALERO APACHE
Betty Lou Dubois Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 22-27, May 1976

Utilizing Phillips' "Participant Structures and Communicative Competence: Warm Springs Children in Community and Classroom" field-study as a model, the author examines the sex roles, political organization and child rearing practices of the Mescalero Apaches. In conclusion, the author cites six characteristics which differ from classroom expectations: (1) fully developed concepts of sex roles, (2) strong tradition of democracy at an early age, (3) acceptance of authority on leader's personal ability rather than status, (4) external, impersonal agents for social control, (5) teaching by precept and indirection, and (6) learning by observation, imitation and acceptance of responsibility.

#240
"A POSITIVE TIME TO BE INDIAN"
[No Author] Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 28-29, May 1976

Brigham Young University holds its annual Indian Week on campus. Special guests were Commissioner Morris Thompson, Chief Dan George, and Miss Indian America, Deana Jo Harragarra. Three black and white photographs are included.

#241
USING THE "KUDER E" WITH CHOCTAW STUDENTS
Barbara G. Spencer; Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 30-34, May 1976
Ernest Boudreaux; John Mullins

Students attending Choctaw high schools in east central Mississippi in the spring of 1974 were administered the Kuder E General Interest Survey funded under Title IV funds. The authors cite the need to (1) use Kuder percentiles as a "general," rather than specific interpretations of mechanical and artistic activities; (2) use individual, rather than group, counseling when interpreting results; (3) avoid reliance on a single data source which will be culturally and/or environmentally biased.

#242
HOCHUNGRA HEADSTART MODEL
Marlene R. Junnusch; Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1-9, Oct. 1976
Dolli H. Big John

The hope of the HHM Project was to enrich the educational opportunities for Native American children by providing a set of culturally relevant educational experiences in their schools. It was decided to work within the Winnebago Headstart Program near Black River Falls, Wisconsin. This article describes the program and evaluation of the project. The authors conclude that cooperative efforts between Indian and White communities do have a chance of succeeding when the participants are sensitive to, and respectful of, each other's concerns.

#243
THE CENTER FOR INDIAN EDUCATION AT ASU: A REPORT BY THE NEW DIRECTOR
John W. Tippeconnic III Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 10-12, Oct. 1976

The article includes (1) a brief overview of issues in Indian education since 1959, and (2) an outline of the two main goals, 14 objectives and 10 activities of the Center for Indian Education in 1976. The author reaffirms that the Center's commitment to the education of Indian students and that local need and input will continue to be the basis for program development.

#244
TEACHER AIDES PROVIDE DIRECT INSTRUCTION
Marvin Fifield; Lonnie Farmer Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 13-18, Oct. 1976

An examination of project HELP, a Title I demonstration project started at the Nazlini Boarding School, Chinle Agency on the Navajo reservation in 1973. The project utilized teacher aides as (1) resource room aides to provide supplemental, individualized instruction, (2) following supervision and coaching in very prescribed instructional formats and procedures, and (3) utilizing effective language and reading materials suitable for use with the students. The project served approximately 50 children throughout the year. The authors conclude that the effects of the project helped Navajo children to be better prepared to compete with other children, to select more options, and to make decisions.

#245
SEMANTIC STRUCTURES IN CREE LANGUAGE
Rodney A. Clifton Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 19-26, Oct. 1976

A study designed to examine semantic structures of 407 Cree Indian and non-Indian students enrolled in the only junior high school in a small city in central Alberta. Thirteen bipolar adjective scales were used (good-bad, beautiful-ugly, large-small, kind-cruel, fast-slow, pleasant-unpleasant, strong-weak, nice-awful, active-passive, happy-sad, heavy-light, hot-cold, and fair-unfair) in the analysis. The author suggests that Indian students learn English much better than they learn to play the "role of 'student'."

#246
AMERICAN INDIAN ARTISTS
[No Author] Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 27-29, Oct. 1976

An article describing the production of a special six-program series on American Indian artists by KAET-TV, Channel 8, in Tempe, AZ. According to the article, each program featured an artist's life, work and heritage. Artists highlighted were Charles Loloma, Grace Medicine Flower, Joseph Lonewolf, Fritz Scholder, Allan Houser, R.C. Gorman and Helen Hardin. A nice feature of this article is the inclusion of seven black and white photographs depicting the artists at work and some of their creations.