Journal of American Indian Education
Abstracts — 1971

#139
CROSS OVER THE BRIDGE
Bill Haley Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1-3, Jan. 1971
Recounts experiences of ten Indian girls from the United States Indian School at Flandreau, South Dakota, who were encouraged to go to and were sent to Dakota State College in Madison. Told in a story-prose style, the essay relates that not all ten went to college, but that three did; to the University of Montana and Haskell Indian Institute. According to the essay, all three have replied to the questions: Was it worthwhile? Who will hire me? Who will hire an Indian girl? And, that the reply from all three was "Yes, it was worthwhile."

#140
COUNSELING FOR SOCIALLY WITHDRAWN INDIAN GIRLS
Robert L. Armstrong; Barbara Holmes Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 4-7, Jan. 1971

Discusses the 1968-69 program conducted by Arizona State University and Phoenix Indian High School to study the special problems particular to this Indian boarding school setting and to develop techniques and programs to meet these problems. According to the article, a considerable growth in counseling readiness was noted in response to the scheduled counseling sessions, and it appeared likely that this type of group counseling may offer real promise for socially withdrawn students.

#141
SOURCES OF PARENTAL AMBIVALENCE TOWARD EDUCATION IN AN ALEUT COMMUNITY
J. S. Kleinfeld Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 8-14, Jan. 1971

Illustrates why Aleut parents of Alaska have negative feelings toward education. The article explores school disparagement of Aleut ways, value conflicts and conflicts about education as a means of mobility. The author concludes that Aleut parents' negative feelings toward education derive from their perception of the school as a white-dominated institution which disparages Aleut ways and attempts to prepare Aleut children for mobility into the white world, and that the newly emerging native organizations in Alaska may offer a way to resolve the identity conflict.

#142
OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING FOR AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN MINORITY
Everett D. Edington; Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 15-20, Jan. 1971
Darrell S. Willey

Initially presents some statistics on education and employment of Indians. Later discusses the 1969 national conference conducted by New Mexico State University on encouraging development of more vocational education programs for American Indians. The article cites that the results of the "follow-up" were encouraging as a noticeable change in providing vocational training programs for Indians had taken place, and that there was evidence that the Indian people were being consulted in the planning of programs in occupational training.

#143
SOME STEPS FOR A BEGINNING TEACHER OF NAVAJO STUDENTS
Kirk D. Peterson Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 21-28, Jan. 1971

A discourse on how understanding of the culture and some knowledge of language could help the teacher of Indian children become a better teacher. The major focus of the article is to address the question: What kinds of individuals do we need in the classroom and how are they to be trained? The article explores orientation and language training, and commonalities to both cultures. The author praises the Rough Rock Demonstration School as offering the best practical application of the understanding of "The People" to the educational problems in New Mexico and the larger American society.

#144
A NON-ANSWER TO A REQUEST FOR A TEACHER'S GUIDE TO INDIAN CHILDREN
Stephen Bayne Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 29-33, Jan. 1971

Initially presents several common characteristics which make Indian people distinctly Indian. The article attempts to become a guide to "help teachers relate to American Indian children," as well as to express the author's subjective feelings about Indian people according to observations and friendships over a seven-year time span.

#145
HANDICAPPED INDIAN CHILDREN
[No Author] Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 1-2, May 1971

An article overviewing a model preschool program for handicapped Indian children in the Tucson area which was being developed by the University of Arizona. According to the article, Dr. George Leshin stated that the project was the only one that had been funded in the United States for handicapped preschool Indian children. The article outlines the five phases of the program.

#146
IMPROVING READING SKILLS OF SEMINOLE CHILDREN
Harry A. Kersey Jr.; Anne Keithley; Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 3-7, May 1971
F. Ward Brunson

Describes a program conducted to investigate and upgrade the school program on the Big Cypress reservation in the Everglades in Florida. The authors believe, if the Seminoles are to retain their traditional values and lifestyle, they must develop economic independence that will allow the young people to remain on tribal lands and work in tribal enterprises. According to the article, although the planned remedial reading program was not fully implemented, the university students did succeed in slowing the severe regressive trend that had been found previously in Seminole reading abilities.

#147
A LOOK AT INDIAN EDUCATION IN THE 70's
[No Author] Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 8-9, May 1971

An article overviewing the 1971 12th Annual Indian Education Conference held at Arizona State University. The article lists several workshop topics and speakers, and the conference theme, "A Look at Indian Education in the 70s." A nice feature of the article is the inclusion of 14 photographs depicting "Candid scenes from the conference."

#148
CIVILIZING AN INDIAN
Melvin Begaye Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 10-13, May 1971

A fictional story written by a senior student at Navajo Methodist Mission School in Farmington, New Mexico. The story depicts the adventures and attitudes of a boy, six years old, who must cope with his new experience of going to a BIA school, a place he at first thought was "another bar like Zia." According to the story, the boy, after continuing incidents, finally became a harassment to everyone before eventually discovering an entirely new way of life where he had to make decisions for himself.

#149
LEADERSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM AT PHOENIX INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL
Kenneth Patch Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 14-17, May 1971

Outlines a program whose objectives were to develop skills and techniques for leadership roles and enhance self-concept through cultural enrichment. According to the article, the purposes and objectives of the group were discussed and the general guidelines set at a first general meeting including (1) the clarification of sponsors' roles and (2) the presentation of the concept "learning by doing." The article also examines the concern about campus problems. The author believes a great deal more can be done in developing the leadership potential of Indian high school students.

#150
"SHUT UP, TEACHER!": A LOOK AT INDIAN STUDENT LEADERSHIP AND IN-SERVICE TRAINING
Charles E. Kosoll; Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 18-25, May 1971
Edward H. Heneveld

Reports on a workshop in cross-cultural communications where Indian teenagers taught the teachers Indian language and culture. According to the article, the languages taught were Navajo, Hopi, Crow, Creek, Tewa, Jemez, Sioux and Yakima. The article explores the Peace Corps' methods used, testing participant reactions and "In Search of Relevance ..." The author believes that similar courses could be developed with student populations selected from other minority groups, particularly Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans, and that language learning experiences could help teachers experience student problems, rather than merely talk about them.

#151
THE HAVIGHURST NATIONAL STUDY
[No Author] Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 26-27, May 1971

A brief article describing a 65-page Summary Report and Recommendations on the national study, The Education of Indian Children and Youth, by Robert J. Havighurst, Director. According to the article, an important facet of Dr. Havighurst's Summary and Final Report was that, under one cover, descriptions of all current situations in Indian education, the evaluations of problems, and the recommendations which Indian leaders have been desiring for several years, are gathered together. A reference for obtaining this Summary Report is included.
#152
RESEARCH FIRM ORGANIZED TO HELP TRIBES WITH CONTRACTS
[No Author] Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 28-29, May 1971

A brief review of the National Indian Training and Research Center (NITRC), Tempe, Arizona, which states that American Indian tribes who want to contract with the Federal government (reaffirmed by the Nixon administration) to take over program operations can get help from NITRC (a team of specialists trained to help Indian communities in negotiating contracts with the BIA and other government agencies). Also lists some current NITRC projects.

#153
WORLD OF SPORTS ENRICHED BY 61 AMERICAN INDIAN ATHLETES
[No Author] Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 30-31, May 1971

An article reviewing the Indian Hall of Fame board's naming of 61 Outstanding American Indian Athletes to its Hall of Fame. According to the article, there are three guidelines for selection to the Hall of Fame: unanimous board approval, an outstanding record in athletic competition, and one-quarter degree Indian. The article lists the 61 new Indian Hall-of-Famers.

#154
USING PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Virginia Tefft Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-6, Oct. 1971

Study of a practical way to give Navajo children language practice through teaching physical education. The study was conducted at the Thoreau and Crown Point Elementary Schools in New Mexico. According to the author, younger children seemed better able to move and speak simultaneously while older groups had difficulty. The author believes the older children may have learned to move without speech, whereas the younger children shout, sing and talk quite naturally as they move. The author concludes that a program of physical education with oral language practice was effective. Includes a sample kindergarten and first-grade model lesson.

#155
SEARCH FOR IDENTITY CREATES PROBLEMS FOR INDIAN STUDENTS
Gene Leitka Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 7-10, Oct. 1971

Discusses problems faced by Indian children with the administration and dress codes citing various cases of conflict. The author believes that children are persons with constitutional and fundamental rights and that school officials do not possess absolute authority over them in schools. The author questions whether 30 expelled students were properly informed and advised of their rights and legal status as minors.

#156
OLDER PROGRAMS IN NAVAJO AREA PROGRESSING, NEW ONES PROMISING
William J. Benham, Jr. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 11-15, Oct. 1971

Talks about various projects and programs in operation in the Navajo area schools. The article discusses the percentage of attendance as near 90%, bilingual studies as still holding priority, specialized programs and funded programs providing education "extras." The author states that Navajo Area teachers were kept abreast of rapidly-changing innovations in education through intensive, year-round training.

#157
COMPARISON OF SEMINOLE READING VOCABULARY AND THE DOLCH WORD LISTS
Harry Kersey; Rebecca Fadjo Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 16-18, Oct. 1971

Third in a series of project reports dealing with the Seminole Indians, this one comparing a devised Seminole word list gathered from a study of the Indian children on Big Cypress reservation in Florida, to the Dolch 220 word list to evaluate language development. The authors conclude that (1) the Seminole elementary school children of Big Cypress display a greater sight reading vocabulary than would be expected judging by their previous test scores, and (2) the peer-producing reading materials developed by Indian children provide a viable vehicle for ascertaining an accurate measure of their reading skills.

#158
THE PLAINS INDIANS AND EDUCATIONAL THEORY
John W. Friesen; Linda Moseson Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 19-26, Oct. 1971

A historical review of the educational theory of the 19th century North American Plains Indians' cultures as they existed before white invaders. The article covers "On the Nature of Man," aims of education, the concept of character education, the content of education, educational methodology, and vocal and non-violent discipline. The authors believe that, in terms of what it was intended to accomplish, the learning enterprise of Plains Indian culture was effective.

#159
CROW-NORTHERN CHEYENNE SELECTED FOR STUDY
Thomas G. Kennedy Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 27-31, Oct. 1971

Study done to determine personality differences existing between Indians and non-Indians. Used in the study were Crow-Northern Cheyenne Indian college students and randomly selected non-Indian college students. The article discusses population and sample, procedure, analysis of data, results, and conclusions. The author concludes that personality differences exist between Crow-Northern Cheyenne and non-Indian college peers; the Indian subjects were significantly more sober on the "sober-happy-go-lucky" continuum.